Name: WPI - Muscle Physiology Basics
Brand: World Precision Instruments
SKU: HYGOCTRD
Availability: InStock

Muscle Physiology Basics - Cellular Organization

WPI - Muscle Physiology Basics

HYGOCTRD

Brand: World Precision Instruments

Category: Cell and tissue

Industry: Life Science and Biotechnology, Pharma, Bio-pharma & Vaccine

The single cell is the basic unit of living matter. A group of cells that perform the same function are called a tissue. Different types of tissues that work together to perform a single function are defined as an organ. Groups of organs working together form a system. Multiple systems working together form an organism.

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Organization in Living Systems

Muscle Cells

All three types of muscles have a few similarities. All muscles have two proteins, actin and myosin, which form cross bridges and cause the muscle to contract and expand. Because of the large amounts of energy they require, all muscle cells have a large number of mitochondria in the cells. Calcium (Ca²⁺) facilitates contraction in all muscle cells. The sacroplasmic reticulum has T-tubules that distribute calcium across the length of the muscle cell. At the neuro-muscular junction (where a nerve cell meets a muscle), an electrical event on the surface of the muscle occurs that causes a release of calcium and subsequent muscle contraction.

Skeletal and heart muscles are composed of basic contractile units called sarcomeres. Sarcomeres give these muscles their characteristic striated (striped) appearance.

Animals have three types of muscle cells.

Striated muscles are the voluntary muscles that attach to bones. We control these muscles with conscious thought. They appear striped when you look at them under a microscope.
Smooth muscles are the involuntary muscles that are not controlled by conscious thought. Rather, they are controlled in response to hormones, ionic compounds, reactions from neighboring cells and the autonomic nervous system. Smooth muscle is found in all the hollow organs (for example, stomach, uterus, bladder, intestines) and all blood vessels.
Cardiac muscle is found only in the heart. While heart rate can change in response to stimuli, cardiac muscle contracts independently as long as it’s alive.

Muscle Physiology Basics - Cellular Organization

WPI - Muscle Physiology Basics

Organization in Living Systems

Muscle Cells

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Muscle Physiology Basics - Cellular Organization

WPI - Muscle Physiology Basics

Organization in Living Systems

Muscle Cells

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